Kubernetespodoperator example Mar 21, 2023 · Passing Data Between Tasks with the KubernetesPodOperator in Apache Airflow TL;DR: Use the @task. What Is Airflow? Apache Airflow is one realization of the DevOps philosophy of "Configuration """An example DAG demonstrating Kubernetes Pod Operator. providers. Specifically, we’ll run a Sling ETL task to migrate data from Jan 10, 2014 · monitor_launched_pod(self, launcher, pod)[source] ¶ Monitors a pod to completion that was created by a previous KubernetesPodOperator Parameters launcher – pod launcher that will manage launching and monitoring pods pod – podspec used to find pod using k8s API Returns on_kill(self)[source] ¶ Aug 18, 2022 · Full Hands-on experience learning Kubernetes Operators + explanations | Simple & intuitive explanations to grasp key concepts | Real world example to get you going right away! What is a Kubernetes Operator? A Kubernetes Operator is an abstraction for deploying non-trivial applications on top of Kubernetes, behind Kubernetes APIs. Run the pods in the namespace default. For information about using Jinja templates with KubernetesPodOperator, see Use Jinja templates. I will share dags and terraform scripts Dec 18, 2023 · However, I found a lack of Dynamic Task Mapping examples with the KubernetesPodOperator — potentially due to my search skills. Frequent use cases are: Running a task in a language other than Python. kubernetes. Mar 7, 2023 · Is your template file stored in S3 available to the DAG script file through path "/opt/airflow/pod_template_file_example-1. kubernetes_pod import ( KubernetesPodOperator, ) from kubernetes. By following this guide, you’ll be … In this article, we’ll explore how to use the Kubernetes Pod Operator in Apache Airflow to execute tasks within a Kubernetes pod. Your Cloud Composer 1 environment nodes are in the default-pool, so your Pods don't run on the nodes in your environment. Labels can be used to organize and to select subsets of objects. Feb 5, 2025 · Walkthrough of creating a basic Kubernetes Operator with the Operator framework from start to finish, covering certain areas about general functionality in detail. operators. Often, you do not need to set any such constraints; the scheduler will automatically do a reasonable placement (for example Jul 7, 2020 · Kubernetes Operators by Example A gentle introduction to Kubernetes Operators through a simplified example. It provides Kubernetes-native configuration management and automates tasks like discovery, scaling, and upgrades. It's just an example mounting the /tmp from host. Whether you’re executing data processing jobs, deploying microservices, or integrating with Example: Use the KubernetesPodOperator to run a script in another language A frequent use case for the KubernetesPodOperator is running a task in a language other than Python. If you edit the StatefulSet to change its pod template, the StatefulSet starts to create new Pods based on the updated template. See different operator examples. Learn how to run the KubernetesPodOperator on Astro. secret import Secret from airflow. This tutorial is for anyone using Airflow 1. Nov 3, 2025 · Building robust, scalable applications in Kubernetes often requires fine-tuned automation — and that’s where Kubernetes operators come into play. Discover benefits and examples to help you understand. The in_cluster parameter indicates that the operator should run within the Kubernetes cluster, and the get_logs parameter specifies that the logs for the task should be retrieved and stored in Airflow. The most common resources to specify are CPU and memory (RAM); there are others. yaml"? Check out the docs for Difference between KubernetesPodOperator and Kubernetes object spec. Creating a controller Now you need to create a controller. Yet again, the operator-sdk makes this extremely easy. It provides some very basic tasks that just pring a string and runs them in kubernetes PODs using the kubernetes POD Operator of Apache Airflow. Nov 4, 2019 · DAG example using KubernetesPodOperator, the idea is run a Docker container in Kubernetes from Airflow every 30 minutes. A controller is a component of an operator that watches for changes to specified resources. Before you begin You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. The Prometheus resource declaratively describes the desired state of a Prometheus deployment, while ServiceMonitor and PodMonitor resources describe the targets to be monitored by Prometheus. When you specify a resource limit for a container, the kubelet enforces Oct 23, 2020 · For this example, we are utilizing again the simple Airflow deployment that we used for the KubernetesPodOperator with some additional configuration that is required by the KubernetesExecutor. Learn what the Kubernetes operator is, how it works, and how to write one. It also allows users to supply a template YAML file using the pod_template_file parameter. Features: Scheduled every 30 minutes. In this chapter, we will go over strategies to deploy an operator to a Kubernetes cluster. In this post, I aim to share an example of Dynamic Task Mapping Dec 25, 2022 · In this example, the KubernetesPodOperator runs a Python script as a Kubernetes Pod and specifies the resources required for the task. com Apache Airflow KubernetesPodOperator: A Comprehensive Guide Apache Airflow is a leading open-source platform for orchestrating workflows, and the KubernetesPodOperator is a powerful operator designed to run containerized tasks in a Kubernetes cluster within your Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). The primary functions of an operator are to watch custom resource (s), compare them to the actual state of the cluster, and update the cluster to move it closer to the desired state. Operators follow the "operator pattern" where they constantly watch for certain resources and then perform actions to reach or maintain a desired state. Having full control over how much compute resources and memory a single task can use. Operators Operators are software extensions to Kubernetes that make use of custom resources … Apr 13, 2020 · KubernetesPodOperator Examples I find several difficulties when trying to get data from Google Drive, the problem is mainly in the term of defining correct scope for the credentials that we Jan 27, 2022 · Kubernetespodoperator cmds overwrite the docker original ENTRYPOINT and Kubernetespodoperator arguments is equivalent to docker's CMD. Example usage is Aug 6, 2025 · When you specify a Pod, you can optionally specify how much of each resource a container needs. And secondly, learn to deploy operators on a Kubernetes cluster by building an image of the operator and how to deploy the operator using the image to a Kubernetes cluster. Operator vs controller explained. To see more options available for customising the behaviour of this tool, including providing custom Dockerfiles, please run with the -h flag. Using with Private cluster ¶ All clusters have a canonical endpoint. Sidecar containers in Kubernetes Kubernetes implements sidecar containers as a special case of init containers; sidecar containers remain running after Pod startup. See the following resources for more information: For information about using Kubernetes Secrets and ConfigMaps, see Use Kubernetes Secrets and ConfigMaps. Mar 24, 2021 · I am trying to pass secret variables to my KubernetesPodOperator in airflow Here is what I have done : Create a secret. cncf. Nov 14, 2025 · This example shows additional parameters that you can configure in the KubernetesPodOperator. You need to opt-in to build additional language binding docker images. Mar 28, 2025 · In this post, we’ll explore the capabilities of Operator SDK, best practices for building Operators, and a practical example: the pod-restart-notifier-operator, designed to monitor pod restarts Nov 28, 2024 · In this article, we’ll explore how to use the Kubernetes Pod Operator in Apache Airflow to execute tasks within a Kubernetes pod. Operators extend Kubernetes’ capabilities by automating management of custom resources and stateful applications. We will reference the GitOps operator example in the previous chapter, but the steps remain the Nov 11, 2023 · Here’s an example of a Kubernetes operator built using Kubebuilder to sync a ConfigMap from one namespace to another. For instance, if a KubernetesPodOperator task instance executes the following Python code in a Docker container example_image: KubernetesPodOperator ¶ The KubernetesPodOperator allows you to create Pods on Kubernetes. When you specify the resource request for containers in a Pod, the kube-scheduler uses this information to decide which node to place the Pod on. Nov 14, 2025 · Pod affinity configuration When you configure the affinity parameter in KubernetesPodOperator, you control what nodes to schedule Pods on, such as nodes only in a particular node pool. From inside the project directory, run this command: Sep 24, 2025 · Labels are key/value pairs that are attached to objects such as Pods. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. What is the Kubernetes Operator? Kubernetes operators exist because Kubernetes was created with automation at its foundation Aug 24, 2023 · This page shows how to assign a Kubernetes Pod to a particular node using Node Affinity in a Kubernetes cluster. client import models as k8s_models # A Example: Use the KubernetesPodOperator to run a script in another language A frequent use case for the KubernetesPodOperator is running a task in a language other than Python. Along the way, you’ll learn how to leverage a custom Docker image with the Kubernetes Pod Operator. The environment variable MESSAGE combines the set of all these environment variables and then uses it as a CLI argument passed to the env-print-demo container. They are customized based on the needs of the user. Specifically, we’ll run a Sling ETL task to migrate data from a source database to Azure Blob Storage in Parquet format. Automation Jan 10, 2012 · monitor_launched_pod(self, launcher, pod)[source] ¶ Montitors a pod to completion that was created by a previous KubernetesPodOperator @param launcher: pod launcher that will manage launching and monitoring pods :param pod: podspec used to find pod using k8s API :return: Was this entry helpful? Mar 20, 2024 · For example, a Postgres operator helps run PostgreSQL databases on Kubernetes by handling tasks like provisioning, failover, and backups automatically. kubernetes decorator! Passing data between tasks in Airflow is a somewhat complicated topic and … Jul 11, 2019 · This sidecar gets created when the KubernetesPodOperator parameter xcom_push is True. Jan 25, 2024 · 3. xcom_pull(task_ids='foo', key='bar') }}". This is an example using Apache Airflow with Kubernetes. See also For more information on how to use this operator, take a look at the guide: KubernetesPodOperator This guide explains how to use PodMonitor and ServiceMonitor objects to monitor targets for a sample application. Labels can be attached to objects at creation time and subsequently added and modified Nov 14, 2025 · Additional configuration This example shows additional parameters that you can configure in the KubernetesPodOperator. Executing tasks in a separate environment with individual packages The KubernetesPodOperator spins up a pod to run a Docker container in. Think of operators as software that knows how to operate your apps, ensuring everything runs smoothly, even in complex Apache Airflow - How to use SparkKubernetesOperator Introduction In this article, I will guide you through using the SparkKubernetesOperator with the Spark-Pi example, a sample application conveniently included in the Spark Docker image. See full list on github. Motivation The operator pattern aims to capture the key aim of a human operator who is managing a service or set of services. The KubernetesPodOperator enables task-level resource configuration and is optimal for custom Python dependencies that are not available through the public PyPI repository. However, I need to use dynamic task mapping to create a dynamic number of KubernetesPodOperator tasks based on the values generated from the previous Operators & CRDs Understanding Operators Kubernetes Operators and CRDs extend the functionality of Kubernetes by allowing you to manage complex applications and define custom resources tailored to your needs. They can add custom health checks, create custom resource definitions, etc. Jun 15, 2022 · Guest post originally published on the SparkFabrik blog Kubernetes offers limited initial functionality to ensure flexibility and scalability. Feb 14, 2024 · Kubernetes Operators: In-Depth Guide with Examples Kubernetes Operators represent a powerful paradigm for managing complex applications on Kubernetes. They automate tasks beyond the capabilities of standard Kubernetes resources Kopf —Kubernetes Operator Pythonic Framework— is a framework and a library to make Kubernetes operators development easier, just in a few lines of Python code. Eventually, all of the old Pods are replaced with new Pods, and the update is complete. Jan 23, 2021 · KubernetesPodOperator launches a Kubernetes pod that runs a container as specified in the operator's arguments. sh builds docker image for running JVM jobs. Jul 16, 2025 · Operators are software extensions to Kubernetes that make use of custom resources to manage applications and their components. This is a basic outline to illustrate the concept: Example of Controller for Pod resources in Kubernetes - jinghzhu/KubernetesPodOperator Example Kubernetes Operator. Oct 4, 2020 · Introduction to KubernetesExecutor and KubernetesPodOperator In the previous tutorial, we didn’t delve into the concept of Executors in Airflow. Oct 16, 2020 · Best practises for KubernetesPodOperator in Cloud Composer In this post I will go through best practises on using the KubernetesPodOperator with examples. For more information on KubernetesPodOperator, please look at: KubernetesPodOperator guide. 9 and would like to use the KubernetesPodOperator without upgrading their Difference between KubernetesPodOperator and Kubernetes object spec The KubernetesPodOperator can be considered a substitute for a Kubernetes object spec definition that is able to be run in the Airflow scheduler in the DAG context. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Using Kubernetes with Airflow can greatly improve the The KubernetesPodOperator runs any Docker image provided to it. The endpoint is the IP address of the Kubernetes API server that Airflow use to communicate with your cluster master. This operator dynamically launches a Pod in Kubernetes for each task and terminates each Pod when the task is complete. They allow for greater customization to the cluster's configuration by adding new features or modifying existing ones. Operators follow Kubernetes principles, notably the control loop. First, to run the operator locally. Set environment variable for the pod RULES. yaml file that looks like the following apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata An example set up to use Airflow's KubernetesPodOperator in a laptop (macOS or Windows) or an on-premise machine (Linux) running a single-node Kubernetes cluster for development or testing. Mount a volume to the container. For information about Oct 28, 2025 · For example, the StatefulSet controller ensures that the running Pods match the current pod template for each StatefulSet object. Usually, you launch and manage Kubernetes apps using the Kubernetes application programming interface (API) and the Kubectl tool. First Example In the first example, the following happens: KubernetesPodOperator instructs K8s to lunch a pod and prepare to run a container in it using the python image (the image parameter) from hub. """ # [START composer_kubernetespodoperator] import datetime from airflow import models from airflow. This will build using the projects provided default Dockerfiles. If you do not Nov 13, 2022 · Kubernetes Operators: List, Framework, Examples, and BenefitsCustomization Customization is the key feature of Kubernetes Operators. Find out what a Kubernetes Operator is and why you need it. We include an example of how to run a Haskell script with the KubernetesPodOperator later in this guide. com (the default image registry) ENTRYPOINT of the python image is replaced An example is an operator that deploys resources to the cluster that are stored and managed in a remote git repository, following a GitOps approach. And so in order to run multiple commands from the Kubernetespodoperator I've used the following syntax: I've set the Kubernetespodoperator cmds to run bash with -c: Jul 23, 2025 · Kubernetes operator is an application-specific controller that can help you in packaging, deploying, and managing Kubernetes applications. May 31, 2024 · It seems like the only way to pull xcom values in a KubernetesPodOperator task is by setting do_xcom_push=True and using a templated xcom_pull, ie "{{ ti. docker. Pod Mutation Hook ¶ The Airflow local settings file (airflow_local_settings. If you are running Airflow on Kubernetes, it is preferable to do this rather than use the DockerOperator. Pre-requisites # Before you begin, ensure that you have: A Kubernetes cluster with admin May 21, 2025 · For example, if you have a web application that requires a local webserver, the local webserver is a sidecar and the web application itself is the app container. There are several ways to do this and the recommended approaches all use label selectors to facilitate the selection. K8s Operators are software extensions that make use of… Apache Airflow with Kubernetes example. Human operators who look after specific applications and services have deep Aug 21, 2020 · Create, test, and export a simple, custom namespace-scoped "Hello, World" Kubernetes Operator in Golang with the Kubernetes Operator SDK. . Contribute to onuryilmaz/k8s-operator-example development by creating an account on GitHub. Jun 28, 2018 · Introduction As part of Bloomberg's continued commitment to developing the Kubernetes ecosystem, we are excited to announce the Kubernetes Airflow Operator; a mechanism for Apache Airflow, a popular workflow orchestration framework to natively launch arbitrary Kubernetes Pods using the Kubernetes API. In Airflow, Executors define a mechanism by which … Jun 28, 2025 · In the example configuration below, the GREETING, HONORIFIC, and NAME environment variables are set to Warm greetings to, The Most Honorable, and Kubernetes, respectively. Aug 2, 2025 · Assigning Pods to Nodes You can constrain a Pod so that it is restricted to run on particular node (s), or to prefer to run on particular nodes. py) can define a pod_mutation_hook function that has the ability to mutate pod objects before sending them to the Kubernetes client for scheduling. Operators are software extensions that use custom resources to manage applications and their components. By default bin/docker-image-tool. In this example, the operator runs only on node pools named pool-0 and pool-1. The main goal is to bring the Domain-Driven Design to the infrastructure level, with Kubernetes being an orchestrator/database of the Here are some popular examples: Prometheus Operator: The Prometheus Operator simplifies the deployment and management of Prometheus monitoring instances. For this example, you need a controller to watch pods.